I had a friend express to me his frustration with the Bible regarding what he called, "cover-all language." Now, by this he meant language that covers a myriad of ideas and topics, all in one word or phrase. His frustration is built into the fact that the Bible is not clear in certain issues. Indeed, at first glance there is much ambiguity of what we can and cannot do as Christians. Inevitably this is what Ben Witherington's blog referred to in his article, "The Age of Impatience and the Lust for Certainty." We live in an age, or culture, that must have things set out completely like a contract, and also must have it right now, not later. My friend, myself, and many others are all guilty for the lust of certainty--we all want to know exactly what we can and cannot do as set out before us by the Bible. However, it simply does not work this way. The Bible was never meant to be a set of rules and regulations to follow, nor is it a list of do's and don'ts.
And I know someone is thinking, "But wait, what are the Ten Commandments, then? They are a numbered list of do's and don'ts! You contradict yourself!" In truth the Ten Commandments were the first and greatest act of grace towards His new people, the Hebrews, whom He had delivered from the hands and lands of Pharaoh. Grace is in fact a huge and fundamental part of the Ten Commandments. "How so," you ask? Because for the first time God revealed how His people should live and be righteous. Up until this point they were walking in the dark, guessing as to whether or not they were pleasing God. But He gave them His commandments, thus demonstrating grace by showing His people how they were to live. So, the Bible does contain commands and exhortations, but these are to be seen as an act of grace on God's part to shed light on the righteous path so that we might not fall off of it and into the darkness. Such commands exist in the Bible to aid and guide you in your journey called life.
But what do we do in life when we come up to a situation that isn't mentioned in the Bible? My friend used the issue of pornography as an example. He said the Bible has "cover-all" language that addresses it, though indirectly. Take the words of Jesus that lusting after a woman is the same as committing adultery in the heart as an example: the Bible doesn't cover pornography, rather lust, which is very broad and general, it covers a multitude of ideas, hence the name, "cover-all language". It does not say directly that, "Thou shalt not look at porn," but rather, "Thou shalt not lust after women." His frustration lies in the generalities of such statements and the lust for prompt certainty regarding serious issues.
However, cover-all language is an important feature of the Bible. It is necessary so that the Bible can be universal--applicable to all generations and cultures throughout space and time--else it become void for one people group at any given time or place. And yet, I still find it interesting that sometimes the answer is right in front of us, but because we only read the Bible in English we miss much of what the Bible has to offer in answer to our many difficult questions.
Allow me to explain.
Note the definition, for the sake of my friend's example, of pornography as seen in my PowerBook's Oxford English Dictionary:
pornography
noun
printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings.
ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Greek pornographos ‘writing about prostitutes,’ from pornē ‘prostitute’ + graphein ‘write.’
Now, notice beyond the definition and look at the composition of the word. What is the first word that you see? "Prostitute" (pornē). Right off the bat, without turning to the Bible, pornography is no longer just the visual art of nudity or sexual acts, but it is the mental and visual prostitution of the mind. That alone should set off some alarms. But what of the Bible? Since that is what we are focusing on right now, let's see where this word is in the Greek New Testament using Accordance.
The most pertinent instance that pornē is used is in 1 Corinthians 6:15-16:
Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Should I therefore take the members of Christ and make them members of a prostitute? Never! Do you not know that whoever is united to a prostitute becomes one body with her? For it is said, “The two shall be one flesh.”
So, we know that prostitution is taboo for Christians. "But wait, prostitution is not the same as looking at pictures of prostitutes because looking at the pictures and videos does not join the two bodies together and defile them. This is still 'cover-all language.'" Fair enough; let's keep going.
The masculine form of pornē is pornos, meaning "one who practices sexual immorality," or more simply, "fornicator." One gloss has it like this: "prostitute chaser." 1 Corinthians 5:9-11 is clear that the believer is not to be a pornos (funny that pornography videos are referred to as "porno's"; see the relation?) nor should they even associate (have dinner) with them. It is a serious deal to be a pornos or involved with a pornē. Why? Because it practices an agenda that is hostile to God; it is a perversion of the wonders meant solely for marriage. It distorts and corrupts the minds of the participants, whether it be an active (one who actually sleeps with prostitutes, i.e., prostitution, fornication, or adultery) or passive (one who watches prostitutes in their business, i.e., pornography). No matter how you look at it, pornography is just another form of prostitution, although it is a legal form, it is not spiritually or psychologically beneficial, and it has absolutely no place in the life of the believer. Those Christians who watch porn or have a subscription with Playboy are associating themselves with the whole concept of pornos and pornē. But they are not to be of this world. No Christian should actively involve himself in prostitution or fornication, nor should there be any passive involvement either. Case-in-point: pornography is dealt with in the Bible, though not in English, and it is clear that it is not a part of the righteous life that God has called us to live.
Well, you may be thinking that this is good stuff, but it might be a stretch, and you would be right. For one, not everyone knows Greek. But here is the cusp of the whole argument: we do not need to seek the Bible for what to do and what not to do, rather we must look inward, for the Law of the Lord is impressed upon our hearts. What? You don't believe me?
Jeremiah 31:31-34 confirms it:
The days are surely coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah. It will not be like the covenant that I made with their ancestors when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt—a covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, says the LORD. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. No longer shall they teach one another, or say to each other, “Know the LORD,” for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, says the LORD; for I will forgive their iniquity, and remember their sin no more.
Therefore, look to the Holy Spirit. The Bible does not contain all the do's and don'ts. Your heart does. And because they are on your heart, you cannot go anywhere without them. So the next time you feel the Holy Spirit crying out to you and tugging on your heart, pleading with you not to do something, like look at pornography, respond to it knowing that He is instructing you what to do. There is no question about what is right and wrong anymore because the Law of the Lord is within you and you have no excuse for the Holy Spirit is the one who leads you and guides you. Pay attention to the way your heart feels--know that the Holy Spirit is speaking to you. Follow His guidance and not the world's. But never forget that even in your lowliest times when you mistakenly did not adhere to the Holy Spirit's plea that God has forgiven you.
So is there "cover-all" language in the Bible? Sure. But it is an important feature because it helps make the Bible relevant to all cultures, to all people, in every present and future age to come. The specificity and certainty we desire may be found in the Bible, true, but it will most definitely be found upon your heart. And aside from all of that we ought not ask ourselves, "What can I or can't I do as a Christian?" Rather, we ought to ask, "How can I please God in this situation, action, or deed as a Christian?" When we seek to please God in all our actions, it is then that the questionable matters are no longer debatable, but become certain to not be pleasing to God and thus not worthy of our time.
May we all seek to please the Lord with all our actions and thoughts, and that we would all follow the guidance of the Holy Spirit, our inward helper.
Teach me to do your will, for you are my God.
Let your good spirit lead me on a level path.
Psalm 143:10